Nanotechnology And Photovoltaics Trends & Market Potential

Nanotechnology, shortened to “Nanotech”, is the study of the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally nanotechnology deals with structures of the size 100 nanometers or smaller, and involves developing materials or devices within that size.

Nanotechnology is very diverse, ranging from novel extensions of conventional device physics, to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, to developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale, even to speculation on whether we can directly control matter on the atomic scale.

Although nanotechnology is a relatively recent development in scientific research, the development of its central concepts happened over a longer period of time.

Photovoltaic (PV) is the field of technology and research related to the application of solar cells for energy by converting sun energy (sunlight or sun ultra violet radiation) directly into electricity. Due to the growing demand for clean sources of energy, the manufacture of solar cells and photovoltaic arrays has expanded dramatically in recent years.

The coming together of these two technologies has become the talk of the town lately.

This report looks at how nanotechnology is changing the field of photovoltaic innovation.
From the basics of nanotech to the basics of photovoltaic, this report looks at how nanotech is making possible new developments in the solar PV industry.

Table Of Contents :

Executive Summary 5

What You Need to Know about Nanotechnology 6
Introduction 6
History of Nanotechnology 6
Basic Concept 10
What are Nanomaterials? 10
What is Molecular Self-Assembly? 11
Molecular Nanotechnology 11
Techniques Utilized in Nanotechnology 13
Applications of Nanotechnology 15
Medicine 15
Chemistry and the Environment 16
Energy 17
IT and Communications 17
Consumer Goods 18
Aerospace 18
Constructions 19
Implications of Nanotechnology 19
Health and Safety in Terms of Nanoparticles 19
Environmental Issues 20

What You Need to Know about Photovoltaics 22
Introduction 22
Present-Day Industry Overview 23
Global Market 23
Applications of PV 24
Stand Alone PV Systems 25
Photovoltaic Power Station 25
PV in Buildings 26
Photovoltaics with Battery Storage 27
Concept of PV Storage 27
Rural Electrification 28
Connecting Generators with PV 28
Utilities with a Grid-Connected PV System 28
Hybrid Power Systems 30
Distributed Generation and PV 30
Economics of PV 31
Financial Incentives for PV 32
Environmental Impacts 34
Advantages and Disadvantages of PV 34

Nanotech and PV 37
Use of Nanotechnology in the Energy Industry 37
Nanotechnology and Solar Power 40
Nanolayers in Stack Cells 43
Quantum Dots for Solar Cells 43
New Materials for Photovoltaics 44

Research in Nanotechnology Usage in PV 46

Major Players 50
Nanosolar 50
NanoGram 52
HelioVolt Corporation 53
Konarka Technologies, Inc 54
SunFlake AS 56

Appendix 58

Glossary 65

List of Figures and Tables

Figures

Figure 1: Hybrid Power Systems 30
Figure 2: Diagram of a Nano Solar Cell 41
Figure 3: Processability of Nanomaterials (High Productivity Possible through Printing
Processes) 44
Figure 4: Activity and Diversity of Top 10 Countries in Nanotechnology Thin-film Solar
Cells Publications 49
Figure 5: Parabolic Trough 58
Figure 6: Central Receiver or Solar Tower 58
Figure 7: Parabolic Dish 59
Figure 8: Photovoltaic Roof System 59
Figure 9: Cost of PV to Consumers and Manufacturing Shipments 60
Figure 10: A Schematic Arrangement of a PV Cell 60
Figure 11: Solar Parabolic Trough System Combined with Fossil Fuel Firing to Generate
Electrical Power 61
Figure 12: Arrangement of a Central Receiver Solar Thermal System 61
Figure 13: A Solar Pond Arrangement 61
Figure 14: Integrated Solar/Combined Cycle System (ISCC) 63

Tables

Table 1: Some Examples of Clean Technologies 38
Table 2: Early Solar Thermal Power Plants 62
Table 3: Comparison of Solar Thermal Power Technologies 63
Table 4: Cost Reductions in Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Power Plants 63

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Solar Energy House – Affordable Or Not

The world is now sky-scraping using the modern start of art technologies. Solar energy house is among one of them. Solar energy house sometimes remind us of first super computers as big as the size of the room but their power was less as compared to mini computers of today. People have too much expectations on solar energy house and those days are not far when solar energy house will become a stunning reality.

In the present day, houses that are using solar energy for power required to have two credentials. Firstly it should be in an area, which gets sunlight almost everyday directly and secondly it doesn’t require too much need of electricity.

Solar panels are huge and cost a lot. Creating electricity through modern solar technology costs nearly $100,000 or more. You can calculate how much and how long it would take to get a return on such investment, people can’t take such fiscal burden.

Solar Energy House Future

Nano-technology is a modern high-class technology on the face of earth, which will change the future of solar panels and cells. Companies are using this technology to create metal covering which collects the solar energy more efficiently as compared to solar cells of today and there are other things too that are using Nano- technology like versions of spray which are under-development. So, what does it has to do with solar technology?

Nano-solar cells will be implanted in every material that is required for building a solar energy house. These nano-solar cells will be found in materials like windows, paints, concretes, and etc. Enabling every part of the home to absorb any and every time even when the sun is not up. Nano-technology will empower the solar cell to absorb the energy even from the infrared rays.

Renovating an older home with solar technology will be a piece of cake. Replacing few things like roofing with solar materials and exterior with nano-solar introduced paints. This technology will convert that very home into a solar core.

With this being done the home will no longer be remain the same, home appliances, households all the things will be implanted with solar energy cells and will be attached with the main energy source. All the things like gardening tools, leaf blowers, lawnmower that requires gas or electricity will work on solar energy.

On learning all these things the question comes in mind is that if building solar energy houses will become reality or not? You’ll find the answer to this question if you go a little flashback, where technologies were still advancing. Like, advancing of computers from super-computers to palm top nowadays, cell-phones and many other things. It’s not that solar energy houses are fictional but they are real only a bit more testing, soon they will become as common as computers or cell-phones nowadays.

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Residential Solar Power: Module Solar Panel Designs

Solar Energy Systems Made of Component Parts

The module structure is designed to protect the solar cells from the environment. It consists of a number of layers to protect the circuit of solar PV cells and to make the module easy to install. The materials used in these layers determine the cost and durability of the modules.

The solar cells themselves and their circuits are totally wrapped in plastic. A shock resistant, shatter proof glass covers the solar PV cells and provides a clear, low absorption cover for the solar panel. It is also tempered for strength in order to reduce the effects of falling trees or hail. The multi-layered back sheet protects the plastic and cells from abrasions and prevents moisture from getting into the module.

An edge seal is applied to protect the edges of the glass from the infiltration of dirt, water, or other non-friendly substances. The metal frame is secured around the entire glass laminate. The all metal frame provides the structure and strength. It is the frame that is then bolted to the mounting system embedded directly into the roofing structure. Common Solar Module Design Types

There are three basic module solar designs. The first is the standard frame module that you may have experienced in the past. This design approach has been used for 30 years and usually involves an aluminum frame that allows the modules to be mounted onto a rail structure of some kind that is then directly attached to the roof. The modules are positioned above the roof surface, providing space for air to flow under the module, which helps cool the system and makes it work more efficiently.

At the same time, rain water, leaves, twigs, and other debris can also flow under the solar panels. The rail structure is attached to the roof by means of posts that are secured into the roof rafters with long lag screws. Roof mounted systems is a good fit for structures comprised of ceramic tiles and wood & asphalt shingles. The roof is sealed tightly after the posts are installed to prevent any chance of leaks.

Modified Metal Frame for a Ground Mount Module Design

This module design can also be mounted to a ground based frame structure. Such a structure can be built on any stable terrain, can be made of metal or wood, and can hold the modules at any tilt angle or azimuth orientation (note: see previous articles related to sun angles). The ground mount can also be a pole structure to cut down on foundation work to your home. It can be stationary (i.e. not have a small motor to constantly orientate the solar panel with the sun as it tracks across the sky) or it can use a small motor to track the sun throughout the day and year.

Residential Roof Integrated Solar Energy Modules

A second type of module design is one that allows the module to be integrated into residential roofing materials. Systems connecting directly to the roofing materials (i.e. replacing shingles or laying flat to the roofing boards) are called integrated solar modules. The module frame design is modified so that it has the same profile as neighboring flat concrete tiles. The modules are not mounted to a rail structure but are attached directly to the roof surface. This low profile mount allows the module to blend in to the look of the roof and avoid the retrofit appearance of standard mounted solar energy modules.

The emergence of this more attractive roof integrated product has encouraged many production home builders to incorporate solar systems into their projects. This type blends in with the roofing materials and is attached directly to the roof surface.

Types Integrated Solar PV Panels

One is the mono crystalline ridged frame design offered by some existing manufacturers. The integrated solar cells have better through put and are gaining in efficiency all of the time. They also incorporate well into existing roofing materials like shingles and tiles. These solar cells use the same crystalline silicon technology as standard modules today. This set up has more mounting frame with fewer solar cells connected in series. The can result in a solar system that is a little more expensive. Because the roof integrated systems mount directly to the roof, they do not have the air flow of standard modules therefore the solar cell temperature gets higher, limiting their efficiency.

The other integrated solar cell product offered, by UNISOLAR, is a flexible amorphous technology. This type of solar panel is referred as thin film, sheet solar, or nano-solar. It is made to blend in with an asphalt shingle roof. It is somewhat less efficient, tends to degrade more quickly, and may have a shorter workable live spam. The manufacturer claims that this module is better in high shade situations.

Solar Energy Options Hitting a Roofs Everywhere

It is encouraging to see new solar energy systems hitting the market with enhanced technology, better integration options, and less complexity. It will take time to work out the bugs with these cutting edge products. With new technology, we think comes (hopefully) a lower cost of ownership. This should enhance the use of home solar energy systems worldwide. It will be innovative financing options that allow homeowners to use the technology that will cause explosive growth.

New solar energy technologies are on the march. Exciting investments and technology proof of concepts are everywhere. It is hard to refute the good, faithful, and well-established silicon based solar cells. These systems have a life span of 30 years and have been in active use for decades. The only deterrent, until now, has been the high price for the systems. With the option to rental the entire solar energy system including the ongoing maintenance of the system for up to 25 years, the choices homeowners now have related to renewable energy adoption in their homes is very exciting.

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